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dc.contributor.authorHolt, E
dc.contributor.authorVon Der Recke, R
dc.contributor.authorVetter, W
dc.contributor.authorHawker, D
dc.contributor.authorAlberts, V
dc.contributor.authorKuch, B
dc.contributor.authorWeber, R
dc.contributor.authorGaus, C
dc.contributor.editorJerald Schnoor
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T11:24:30Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T11:24:30Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.date.modified2010-11-04T07:05:28Z
dc.identifier.issn0013-936X
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/es071687r
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/22565
dc.description.abstractAn as yet unidentified origin of elevated concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in soil and sediment has repeatedly been described from different locations around the world, including Australia. Natural sources have been hypothesized to account for such contamination, which is characterized by a distinctive dioxin profile, in particular, elevated levels of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (OCDD) as well as relatively low contributions of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The present study investigated whether OCDD formation via anthropogenically derived precursors represents a possible source in such samples. Soil and sediment from Australia and Hawaii were screened for known pesticide derived dioxin precursors. Two pesticide formulations containing pentachlorophenol (PCP), which are well-known to contain predominantly OCDD impurities, were also analyzed. Polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPPs), common byproducts of pesticide production, were detected at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in two PCP formulations and in five environmental samples. Of particular interest was the presence of the PCPP isomer 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenoxy)phenol (nonaC2PP), often also termed predioxin, in these samples. This compound readily undergoes ring closure to form OCDD under a range of conditions and environments. In addition, the pesticide PCP itself, which also represents a potent precursor to OCDD formation and is known to contain OCDD impurities, was detected in some environmental samples. The evidence from this study indicates that pesticides and their impurities play an important role in the dioxin contamination of Australian soils and sediments, as well as other locations with similar PCDD/F patterns. The results further suggest that formation of OCDD from pesticide derived precursors may be a possible past, present, and future pathway for contamination of environmental samples
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.description.publicationstatusYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Society
dc.publisher.placeUnited States
dc.publisher.urihttp://pubs.acs.org/
dc.relation.ispartofstudentpublicationN
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom1472
dc.relation.ispartofpageto1478
dc.relation.ispartofissue5
dc.relation.ispartofjournalEnvironmental Science & Technology (Washington)
dc.relation.ispartofvolume42
dc.rights.retentionY
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode259902
dc.titleAssessing Dioxin Precursors in Pesticide Formulations and Environmental Samples As a Source of Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Soil and Sediment
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
gro.facultyGriffith Sciences, Griffith School of Environment
gro.rights.copyright© 2008 American Chemical Society. Self-archiving of the author-manuscript version is not yet supported by this publisher. Please refer to the journal link for access to the definitive, published version or contact the authors for more information.
gro.date.issued2008
gro.hasfulltextNo Full Text
gro.griffith.authorHawker, Darryl W.


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